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A year later he said the draft had been completely revised to bring it into line with international standards on sports betting manipulation and money laundering.

The text has not been published. It is not known whether it would allow private operators to be licensed or simply modernise Promosport’s monopoly. Mourali told a parliamentary committee in November 2025 that a new law would digitise sports betting.

Egypt’s gambling rules were written around physical venues. Law 8 of 2022 provides that “gambling games may not be practised in establishments except by non-Egyptians”. No licensing framework exists for online betting.

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Christofidou also floated the idea of issuing GMI recipients with a special card for in-person verification at gambling venues, but several MPs warned this could stigmatise welfare recipients.

Current gambling legislation restricts participation for minors and those classified as “financially vulnerable”. However, GMI recipients are not yet formally classified as such for the purpose of these regulations.

The NBA has operated a online self-exclusion scheme since 2024. It requires users to register with a mobile number, email address and ID. Since around 80% of gambling in Cyprus happens online, this route offers a far easier way to identify and exclude claimants than monitoring anonymous betting at physical outlets.

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“I would not necessarily prioritise senior Java or front-end specialists in the same way as before,” Grenstad explains. “Technical skills remain important, particularly for people who can assess architecture and ensure systems remain reliable, but domain knowledge is becoming increasingly valuable. I’d rather take someone who’s good in the domain but doesn’t know any Java.”

That raises a question about how future developers will enter the industry. If Cubeia no longer needs front-end traditional junior Java developers in the same way, the traditional path from junior programmer to senior engineer becomes less clear.

“How do we avoid ending up with lots of old Java developers and nobody who understands Java because the juniors were never hired? That’s a super-interesting question. How do we fill up with younger people over time? That’s something we’ve been discussing.”